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Ngachan, S. V.

Spatial Variability in Temporal Trends of Precipitation and its Impact on the Agricultural Scenario of Mizoram

Abstract Views :220 | PDF Views:117

Authors

S. Saha ¹, D. Chakraborty ², B. U. Choudhury ², S. B. Singh ¹, N. Chinza ³, C. Lalzarliana ⁴, S. K. Dutta ¹, S. Chowdhury ¹, T. Boopathi ¹, Lungmuana ¹, A. R. Singh ¹, S. V. Ngachan ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib 796 081, IN
2 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam 796 103, IN
3 Directorate of Economics and Statistics, and Government of Mizoram, 796 001, IN
4 Directorate of Crop Husbandry, Government of Mizoram, 796 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 109, No 12 (2015), Pagination: 2278-2282

Abstract

Long-term monthly rainfall observations (1986-2014) were analysed for 12 rain-gauge stations installed at variable altitudes of Mizoram. Our objective was to assess the temporal change in the standardized precipitation index (SPI) values at different timescales using Mann-Kendall trend tests. Significant reductions in post-monsoon and winter rainfall were recorded for most of the sites. Increasing dryness during the winter months may intensify the acute water shortage in Mizoram. Our results emphasize the altitudinal insensitivity of mean monthly rainfall trend and prove the urgent need for adopting suitable water management practices to cope with the water scarcity problem to increase the resiliency of rabi agriculture in Mizoram in near future.

Keywords

Agriculture, Rainfall Pattern, Standardized Precipitation Index, Spatial Variability.

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References

Das, A., Ghosh, P. K., Choudhury, B. U., Patel, D. P., Munda, G. C., Ngachan, S. V. and Chowdhury, P., Climate change in northeast India: recent facts and events – worry for agricultural management. ISPRS Archives XXXVIII-8/W3 Workshop Proceedings: Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture, 2009, pp. 32–37.

Ravindranath, N. H. et al., Climate change vulnerability profiles for North East India. Curr. Sci., 2011, 101(3), 384–394.

Jhajharia, D., Shrivastava, S. K., Sarkar, D. and Sarkar, S., Temporal characteristics of pan evaporation trends under the humid conditions of northeast India. Agric. For. Meteorol., 2009, 149, 763–770.

Jain, S. K., Kumar, V. and Saharia, M., Analysis of rainfall and temperature trends in northeast India. Int. J. Climatol., 2013, 33(4), 968–978.

Saikia, U. S. et al., Shift in monsoon rainfall pattern in the North Eastern region of India post 1991. J. Agrometeorol., 2013, 15(2), 162–164.

WMO, Standardized Precipitation Index User Guide. (eds Svoboda, M., Hayes M. and Wood, D.) WMO-No. 1090, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2012, pp. 8–24.

McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J. and Kleist, J., The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In Proceedings of the IX Conference on Applied Climatology. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 1993, pp. 179–184.

Naresh Kumar, M., Murthy, C. S., Sesha Sai, M. V. R. and Roy, P. S., On the use of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for drought intensity assessment. Meteorol. Appl., 2009, 16, 381–389.

Jha, S., Sehgal, V. K., Raghava, R. M. and Sinha, M., Trend of standardized precipitation index during Indian summer monsoon season in agroclimatic zones of India. Earth Syst. Dyn. Discuss., 2013, 4, 429–449.

Roof Water Harvesting in Hills - Innovations for Farm Diversification and Livelihood Improvement

Abstract Views :306 | PDF Views:85

Authors

Anup Das ¹, R. K. Singh ¹, G. I. Ramkrushna ¹, Jayanta Layek ¹, A. K. Tripathi ¹, S. V. Ngachan ¹, B. U. Choudhury ¹, D. P. Patel ², D. J. Rajkhowa ¹, Debasish Chakroborty ¹, P. K. Ghosh ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam 793 103, IN
2 ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413 115, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 113, No 02 (2017), Pagination: 292-298

Abstract

The north eastern region (NER) of India receives bountiful rains (>2000 mm) annually. However, there is extreme water scarcity during post- and premonsoon season (November-March). In such a situation, roof water harvesting (RWH) holds promise for multiple livelihood opportunities. RWH unit with polyfilm lined water collection tank of 37 m³ storage capacity (i.e. 5.5 x 4.5 x 1.5 m³) was demonstrated at 11 farmers fields mostly on hill tops in the Ri-Bhoi district (Meghalaya). The average demonstration area was 500 m²/farmer in the vicinity of homesteads (kitchen gardens). Volume of water harvested in a collection tank was about 53 m³ including about 16 m³ harvested during dry season due to seasonal replenishment. The cost of water harvesting was estimated at about Rs 144 and Rs 119/m³ considering lifespan of five and ten years respectively. Farmers used harvested water for diversified activities such as raising crops [maize, broccoli, French bean, laipatta (Brassica juncea), tomato, etc.] and livestock (pig or poultry) in addition to domestic use. The farmers without RWH could use land only during rainy season for crop cultivation. On an average, the net income from each RWH based model (500 m² demonstration area) was Rs 14,910 for crop + piggery and Rs 11,410 for crop + poultry farming which was 261 and 176% higher, respectively than the normal farmers' practice. Similarly, employment and water use efficiency enhanced by 221 and 586%; and 168 and 218% under crop + piggery and crop + poultry based farming respectively.

Keywords

Jalkund, Multiple Use of Water, NER Hills, Rain Water Harvesting, Silpaulin.

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References

Das, A., Mohapatra, K. P., Ngachan, S. V., Amit, D., Chowdhury, S. and Datta, D., Water resource development for multiple livelihood opportunities in Eastern Himalaya. NAIP Publication no. 6. ICAR Research Complex for NEH region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 2014, p. 36.

Goswami, D. C., Flood forecasting in the Brahmaputra River, India: a case study. In Regional Cooperation for Flood Disaster Mitigation in the Hindkush Himalayas (eds Chalise, S. R. and Shreshtha, M.), ICIMOD.Internal Report, 2002, pp. 40–48.

Sharma, B. R., Riaz, M. V., Pant, D., Adhikary, D. L., Bhatt, B. P. and Rahman, H., Water poverty in the north-eastern hill region (India): potential alleviation through multiple–use water systemscross learnings from Nepal Hills. New Delhi, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI-NAIP Report 1), 2010, p. 44; doi:3910/2009.200.

Mishra, A. K. and Satapathy, K. K., Food security vis-à-vis natural resources sustainability in northeastern region of India. ENVIS Bulletin: Himalayan Ecology, 11(1): GB Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, India, 2003; http://gbpihed.nic.in/envis/HTML/vol 11_1/akmishra.htm

Saha, R., Ghosh, P. K., Mishra, V. K. and Bujarbaruah, K. M.. Low-cost micro-rainwater harvesting technology (Jalkund) for new livelihood of rural hill farmers. Curr. Sci., 2007, 92(9), 1258–1265.

Choudhury, B. U., Das, A., Ngachan, S. V., Bordoloi, L. J. and Chowdhury, P., Trend analysis of long term weather variables in midaltitude Meghalaya, North-East India. J. Agric. Phys., 2012, 12(1), 12–22.

Das, A. et al., Integrated agricultural development in high altitude tribal areas - a participatory watershed programme in the East Indian Himalaya. Outlook Agric., 2013, 42(2), 141–144.

Das, A., Saha, R., Ghosh, P. K., Munda, G. C. and Patel, D. P., Rainwater harvesting through Jalkund: a low cost dug-pit-cum polythene lined structure and its diversified use in NEH Region, abstract. Agriculture and forestry sciences. 96th Indian Science Congress, NEHU, Shillong, 3–7 January 2009, p. 75.

Das, A. et al., Multiple use of pond water for enhancing water productivity and livelihood of small and marginal farmers. Indian J. Hill Fmg., 2013, 26 (1), 29–36.

Patel, U. R., Patel, V. A., Balya, M. I. and Rajgor, H. M., Rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) at SPSV campus, Vinegar: Gujarat – a case study. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., 2014, 03(04), 821–825.

Samuel, M. P. and Satapathy K. K., Concerted rainwater harvesting technologies suitable agro-ecosystems of Northeast India. Curr. Sci., 2008, 95(9), 1130–1132.

Climate Resilient Agriculture in Manipur:Status and Strategies for Sustainable Development

Abstract Views :224 | PDF Views:77

Authors

S. S. Roy ¹, M. A. Ansari ¹, S. K. Sharma ¹, B. Sailo ¹, Ch. Basudha Devi ¹, I. M. Singh ¹, Anup Das ¹, D. Chakraborty ², A. Arunachalam ³, N. Prakash ¹, S. V. Ngachan ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal 795 004, IN
2 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam 793 103, IN
3 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 115, No 7 (2018), Pagination: 1342-1350

Abstract

Manipur in India is endowed with rich biodiversity and abundant natural resources. Despite inaccessibility, marginality and heterogeneity, the state has made good progress in agriculture and allied sectors. About 80% of the state population depends on agriculture for livelihood. However, agriculture sector in Manipur is facing the consequences of climate change. Climate change is a reality and an increasing trend in temperature, precipitation and emission of greenhouse gases has been observed in Manipur. The state is also projected to experience more of extreme rainfall and reduction in crop yields. As subsistence level farming is coupled with prevalent shifting cultivation, the small and marginal farmers will be most affected due to climate change. Hence, there is an urgent need for devising climate proof plan and climate ready policy for climate compatible agricultural development in Manipur. Location-specific climate smart technology baskets need to be devised or introduced and should be demonstrated through participatory approach, for ensuring a climate resilient production system, and a climate resilient ecosystem. The interactions between the system’s adaptation strategies and the mitigation potential should also be given due importance in the action plan for combating climate change. This article deals with the present status of agriculture and allied sector and various technological and policy options for climate resilient agriculture in the hill and mountain ecosystems of Manipur.

Keywords

Climate Smart Agriculture, Climate Change, Northeast India.

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Does Rise in Temperature Adversely Affect Soil Fertility, Carbon Fractions, Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities under Different Land Uses?

Abstract Views :216 | PDF Views:80

Authors

Dibyendu Chatterjee ¹, Rukuosietuo Kuotsu ¹, Merasenla Ao ¹, Saurav Saha ², Sanjay Kumar Ray ¹, S. V. Ngachan ³

Affiliations
1 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Nagaland Centre, Jharnapani, Medziphema 797 106, IN
2 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib 796 081, IN
3 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam 793 103, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 116, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 2044-2054

Abstract

We studied the variable dynamic response of different soil properties under the exposure of three elevated temperature treatments on six land-use systems. After one month of incubation, the associated changes were measured in terms of soil fertility, carbon, microbial biomass and soil enzymes. Our results confirmed the significant increase (P < 0.05) in soil available nitrogen content (by 1.85–49.32 %) with the subsequent rise in incubation temperature for soils collected from orchards and agriculture land uses. We observed a steady decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) levels with increase in incubation temperature varying between 4.1% and 31.4% (P < 0.05) across different soil types and land-use systems, resulting in a significant rising trend for microbial biomass carbon and labile carbon : TOC ratio up to 3°C elevation from maximum temperature. Among the soil enzymes, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase and β-glucosidase activity increased significantly with increase in incubation temperature from the ambient temperature, while acid phosphomonoesterase and arylsulphatase activity decreased. Our current research findings will provide new insights regarding temperature control on soil C dynamics and nutrient availability in terms of modified soil enzyme activity that will be useful to model the dynamics of soil organic matter and associated nutrient availability in acid soils.

Keywords

Carbon, Land Use, Microbial Biomass, Soil Enzyme Activity, Temperature Effects.

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